Spontaneous communication in autism spectrum disorder: A review of topographies and interventions
نویسندگان
چکیده
Lack of spontaneous communicative initiations appears to be a consistent problem in individuals with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD; Fujiki & Brinton, 2009). Spontaneous communication is emitted at a much lower frequency compared to individuals with language impairment and typically developing persons. Deficits of spontaneity in social interaction have been identified explicitly in the diagnostic criteria for autism, regardless of communication level or ability (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). In addition, without intervention 21–66% of children with ASD do not develop communicative speech (Lord & McGee, 2001). Individuals with autism rarely initiate appropriate speech and often fail to engage in typical social interactions such as asking questions, requesting information, expressing affection or requesting interactions (Carr & Kologinsky, 1983). This paper provides a review of the communicative topographies used to ameliorate spontaneous communication functions in individuals with autism and addresses the behavioral interventions that are used to induce such spontaneity. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author at: School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Cairnes’s Building, University Rd., Galway, Ireland. Tel.: +353 49 3457; fax: +353 91 521355. E-mail address: [email protected] (O. Healy).
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